build: 对齐模板工具链与 .vscode，APP 迁移 Bootloader 布局(0x08002000/54K)

工程编译与开发环境（参照 gd32e23x_template_cmake_vscode 模板）
- cmake/arm-none-eabi-gcc.cmake：硬编码工具链路径改为 GD32_GCC_BIN
  环境变量 / -DTOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY 参数，与模板逐字一致
- .vscode：launch/tasks/settings/extensions 对齐模板，烧录与调试全部
  读取 GD32_GCC_BIN / GD32_OPENOCD_BIN / GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS 环境变量；
  新增 J-Link 调试配置与 flash/reset/erase.jlink 脚本
- CMakeLists.txt：POST_BUILD 增加 Application/Application.hex 生成
  （J-Link 烧录脚本 loadfile 依赖）
- 验证：Debug / Release 编译通过（本机 ARM GCC 15.2.1）

Bootloader 布局适配（与旧版独立镜像不兼容，升级需整片烧录一次）
- LD/gd32e23x_flash.ld：FLASH ORIGIN=0x08002000, LENGTH=54K
- Src/system_gd32e23x.c：VECT_TAB_OFFSET=0x2000——Bootloader 不写
  VTOR，APP 必须自设向量表，否则中断落回 Bootloader 向量表
- 验证：.vectors 链接于 0x08002000，固件 12164B（54KB 上限 22%）

驱动修复
- Src/ldc1612.c：ldc1612_config_single_channel 各步骤 I2C 写入检查
  返回值，失败立即返回错误（原审查项 L3）

文档
- README：重写本地编译/烧录/调试说明，新增"固件布局与 Bootloader"章节

.vscode/erase.jlink

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+erase
+exit

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -1,26 +1,8 @@
 {
-  "recommendations": [
+    "recommendations": [
-    "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+        "marus25.cortex-debug",
-    "ms-vscode.cpptools",
+        "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
-    "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack",
+        "twxs.cmake",
-    "ms-vscode.cpptools-themes",
+        "ms-vscode.cpptools"
-    "ms-vscode.vscode-embedded-tools",
+    ]
-    "ms-vscode.hexeditor",
-    "ms-vscode.notepadplusplus-keybindings",
-    "twxs.cmake",
-    "xaver.clang-format",
-    "marus25.cortex-debug",
-    "cheshirekow.cmake-format",
-    "mcu-debug.debug-tracker-vscode",
-    "mcu-debug.memory-view",
-    "mcu-debug.peripheral-viewer",
-    "mcu-debug.rtos-views",
-    "trond-snekvik.gnu-mapfiles",
-    "zixuanwang.linkerscript",
-    "gurumukhi.selected-lines-count",
-    "gruntfuggly.todo-tree",
-    "vscode-icons-team.vscode-icons",
-    "jeff-hykin.better-cpp-syntax",
-    "dan-c-underwood.arm"
-  ]
 }

.vscode/flash.jlink

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+loadfile Application.hex
+r
+go
+exit

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -9,20 +9,19 @@
             "type": "cortex-debug",
             "runToEntryPoint": "main",
             "showDevDebugOutput": "none",
-            "gdbPath": "${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-11.3.1-1.1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe",
+            "gdbPath": "${env:GD32_GCC_BIN}/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe",
             "servertype": "openocd",
-            "serverpath": "${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/bin/openocd.exe",
+            "serverpath": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_BIN}/openocd.exe",
             "svdFile": "${workspaceFolder}/GD32E230.svd",
-            "liveWatch": {
-                "enabled": true,
-                "samplesPerSecond": 1
-            },
             "configFiles": [
-                "${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/scripts/target/openocd_gdlink_gd32e23x.cfg"
+                "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}/${config:gd32.openocd.targetConfig}"
             ],
             "serverArgs": [
-                "-s", "${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/scripts"
+                "-s", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}"
             ],
+            "env": {
+                "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}"
+            },
             "searchDir": [
                 "${workspaceFolder}"
             ],
@@ -30,7 +29,30 @@
             "preRestartCommands": [
                 "load",
                 "continue"
-            ],
+            ]
         },
+        {
+            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+            "executable": "${workspaceFolder}/Build/Debug/Application/Application.elf",
+            "name": "Debug with J-Link",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "type": "cortex-debug",
+            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
+            "showDevDebugOutput": "none",
+            "gdbPath": "${env:GD32_GCC_BIN}/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe",
+            "servertype": "jlink",
+            "device": "${config:gd32.jlink.device}",
+            "interface": "${config:gd32.jlink.interface}",
+            "svdFile": "${workspaceFolder}/GD32E230.svd",
+            "liveWatch": {
+                "enabled": true,
+                "samplesPerSecond": 1
+            },
+            "preLaunchTask": "Build",
+            "preRestartCommands": [
+                "load",
+                "continue"
+            ]
+        }
     ]
 }

.vscode/reset.jlink

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+r
+exit

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,30 +1,15 @@
 {
-    "terminal.integrated.tabs.enabled": true,
-    "terminal.integrated.profiles.windows": {
-        "Git Bash": {
-            "path": "C:\\Program Files\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe",
-            "icon": "terminal-bash"
-        },
-        "Git-Bash": {
-            "path": "D:\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe",
-            "icon": "terminal-bash"
-        }
-    },
-    "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.windows": "Git-Bash",
-    "clang-format.assumeFilename": ".clang-format",
-    "clang-format.executable": "clang-format",
-    "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
     "cmake.configureOnOpen": true,
-    "cmake.buildDirectory": "${workspaceFolder}/Build",
+    "cmake.useCMakePresets": "always",
-    "vcpkg.storageLocation": "C:\\Dev\\Tools\\vcpkg",
+    "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+    "cortex-debug.variableUseNaturalFormat": true,
+    "gd32.openocd.targetConfig": "target/openocd_gdlink_gd32e23x.cfg",
+    "gd32.openocd.massEraseCommand": "gd32e23x mass_erase 0",
+    "gd32.jlink.device": "GD32E230F8",
+    "gd32.jlink.interface": "SWD",
+    "gd32.jlink.speed": "4000",
     "files.associations": {
         "*.h": "c",
-        "*.c": "c",
+        "*.c": "c"
-        "array": "c",
+    }
-        "string": "c",
-        "string_view": "c",
-        "ranges": "c",
-        "span": "c"
-    },
-    "cortex-debug.variableUseNaturalFormat": true,
 }

.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -1,116 +1,6 @@
 {
     "version": "2.0.0",
     "tasks": [
-        {
-            "label": "Build and Flash",
-            "group": {
-                "kind": "build",
-                "isDefault": true
-            },
-            "dependsOn": [
-                "Build",
-                "Flash MCU"
-            ],
-            "dependsOrder": "sequence",
-            "icon": {
-                "id": "insert",
-                "tooltip": "Build and Flash"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "label": "Flash MCU",
-            "type": "shell",
-            "command": "'${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/bin/openocd.exe' -s '${workspaceFolder}' -f '${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/scripts/target/openocd_gdlink_gd32e23x.cfg' -c 'init; reset halt; flash write_image erase ${command:cmake.launchTargetFilename}; reset; exit'",
-            "group": {
-                "kind": "build",
-                "isDefault": true
-            },
-            "problemMatcher": [],
-            "options": {
-                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
-                "environment": {
-                    "CLICOLOR_FORCE": "1",
-                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": ""
-                }
-            },
-            "presentation": {
-                "clear": true
-            },
-            "icon": {
-                "id": "gather",
-                "tooltip": "Flash MCU"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "label": "Reset MCU",
-            "type": "shell",
-            "command": "'${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/bin/openocd.exe' -s '${workspaceFolder}' -f '${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/scripts/target/openocd_gdlink_gd32e23x.cfg' -c 'init; reset; exit'",
-            "group": {
-                "kind": "build",
-                "isDefault": true
-            },
-            "problemMatcher": [],
-            "options": {
-                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
-                "environment": {
-                    "CLICOLOR_FORCE": "1",
-                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": ""
-                }
-            },
-            "presentation": {
-                "clear": true
-            },
-            "icon": {
-                "id": "discard",
-                "tooltip": "Reset MCU"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "label": "Mass Erase MCU",
-            "type": "shell",
-            "command": "'${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/bin/openocd.exe' -s '${workspaceFolder}' -f '${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/scripts/target/openocd_gdlink_gd32e23x.cfg' -c 'init; reset halt; gd32e23x mass_erase 0; exit'",
-            "group": {
-                "kind": "build",
-                "isDefault": true
-            },
-            "problemMatcher": [],
-            "options": {
-                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
-                "environment": {
-                    "CLICOLOR_FORCE": "1",
-                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": ""
-                }
-            },
-            "presentation": {
-                "clear": true
-            },
-            "icon": {
-                "id": "clear-all",
-                "tooltip": "Erase MCU"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "label": "OpenOCD Server",
-            "type": "shell",
-            "command": [
-                "'${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/bin/openocd.exe' -s '${workspaceFolder}' -f '${workspaceFolder}/Toolchain/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3/scripts/target/openocd_gdlink_gd32e23x.cfg'"
-            ],
-            "group": {
-                "kind": "build",
-                "isDefault": true
-            },
-            "problemMatcher": [],
-            "options": {
-                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
-                "environment": {
-                    "CLICOLOR_FORCE": "1",
-                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": ""
-                }
-            },
-            "presentation": {
-                "clear": true
-            }
-        },
         {
             "label": "Build",
             "type": "cmake",
@@ -130,7 +20,8 @@
             ],
             "options": {
                 "environment": {
-                    "CLICOLOR_FORCE": "1"
+                    "CLICOLOR_FORCE": "1",
+                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}"
                 }
             },
             "presentation": {
@@ -140,6 +31,199 @@
                 "id": "code",
                 "tooltip": "Build"
             }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Build and Flash",
+            "dependsOn": [
+                "Build",
+                "Flash MCU"
+            ],
+            "dependsOrder": "sequence",
+            "group": "build",
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "insert",
+                "tooltip": "Build and Flash"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Flash MCU",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_BIN}/openocd.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-s", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}",
+                "-f", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}/${config:gd32.openocd.targetConfig}",
+                "-c", "init; reset halt; flash write_image erase ${command:cmake.launchTargetFilename}; reset; exit"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
+                "environment": {
+                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}"
+                }
+            },
+            "presentation": {
+                "clear": true
+            },
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "gather",
+                "tooltip": "Flash MCU"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Reset MCU",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_BIN}/openocd.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-s", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}",
+                "-f", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}/${config:gd32.openocd.targetConfig}",
+                "-c", "init; reset; exit"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
+                "environment": {
+                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}"
+                }
+            },
+            "presentation": {
+                "clear": true
+            },
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "discard",
+                "tooltip": "Reset MCU"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Mass Erase MCU",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_BIN}/openocd.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-s", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}",
+                "-f", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}/${config:gd32.openocd.targetConfig}",
+                "-c", "init; reset halt; ${config:gd32.openocd.massEraseCommand}; exit"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
+                "environment": {
+                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}"
+                }
+            },
+            "presentation": {
+                "clear": true
+            },
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "clear-all",
+                "tooltip": "Erase MCU"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "OpenOCD Server",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_BIN}/openocd.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-s", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}",
+                "-f", "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}/${config:gd32.openocd.targetConfig}"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application",
+                "environment": {
+                    "OPENOCD_SCRIPTS": "${env:GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS}"
+                }
+            },
+            "presentation": {
+                "clear": true
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Build and Flash (Jlink)",
+            "dependsOn": [
+                "Build",
+                "Flash MCU (Jlink)"
+            ],
+            "dependsOrder": "sequence",
+            "group": "build",
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "insert",
+                "tooltip": "Build and Flash (Jlink)"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Flash MCU (Jlink)",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "JLink.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-device", "${config:gd32.jlink.device}",
+                "-if", "${config:gd32.jlink.interface}",
+                "-speed", "${config:gd32.jlink.speed}",
+                "-autoconnect", "1",
+                "-CommanderScript", "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/flash.jlink"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${command:cmake.buildDirectory}/Application"
+            },
+            "presentation": {
+                "clear": true
+            },
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "gather",
+                "tooltip": "Flash MCU (Jlink)"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Reset MCU (Jlink)",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "JLink.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-device", "${config:gd32.jlink.device}",
+                "-if", "${config:gd32.jlink.interface}",
+                "-speed", "${config:gd32.jlink.speed}",
+                "-autoconnect", "1",
+                "-CommanderScript", "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/reset.jlink"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
+            },
+            "presentation": {
+                "clear": true
+            },
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "discard",
+                "tooltip": "Reset MCU (Jlink)"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Mass Erase MCU (Jlink)",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "JLink.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-device", "${config:gd32.jlink.device}",
+                "-if", "${config:gd32.jlink.interface}",
+                "-speed", "${config:gd32.jlink.speed}",
+                "-autoconnect", "1",
+                "-CommanderScript", "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/erase.jlink"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
+            },
+            "presentation": {
+                "clear": true
+            },
+            "icon": {
+                "id": "clear-all",
+                "tooltip": "Erase MCU (Jlink)"
+            }
         }
     ]
 }

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}
     POST_BUILD
     COMMAND echo -- Running Post Build Commands
     COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O ihex $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}> ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${OUTPUT_PREFIX}.hex
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O ihex $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>/Application.hex
     COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O binary $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}> ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${OUTPUT_PREFIX}.bin
     COMMAND ${CMAKE_SIZE} $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}>
     COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJDUMP} -h -S $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}> > ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${OUTPUT_PREFIX}.list

LD/gd32e23x_flash.ld

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ _Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
 /* Memories definition */
 MEMORY
 {
-    FLASH (rx)  : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 32K
+    FLASH (rx)  : ORIGIN = 0x08002000, LENGTH = 54K
     RAM (xrw)   : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 8K
 }
 

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,36 @@
-# GD32E23x 工程模板
+# LDC1612 传感器固件
 
-本仓库为兆易创新 GD32E23x 系列 MCU 的 CMake + VSCode 工程模板，适合嵌入式开发快速上手和团队协作。
+本仓库基于 GD32E23x CMake + VSCode 工程模板（`gd32e23x_template_cmake_vscode`），包含 LDC1612 电感采样、TMP112 温度采集及补偿、RS485 命令处理。当前版本为 V1.0.1。固件采用 Bootloader + APP 布局：APP 链接在 `0x08002000`（54KB Flash / 8KB RAM），启动时自设向量表偏移；开发进度与审查资料见 `doc/` 目录。
+
+## 本地编译
+
+需要 CMake 3.20 或更新版本、Ninja 和 ARM GCC。CMake、Ninja 应在 `PATH` 中；ARM GCC 通过 `GD32_GCC_BIN` 指定，也可在配置时传入 `-DTOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY="D:/toolchain/arm-gcc/bin"`，该参数优先于环境变量。工具链路径支持包根目录或 `bin` 目录。
+
+在工程根目录运行 PowerShell（工具链路径请替换为本机安装位置）：
+
+```powershell
+$env:GD32_GCC_BIN = 'D:\toolchain\xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-15.2.1-1.1\bin'
+cmake --preset Debug
+cmake --build --preset Debug
+cmake --preset Release
+cmake --build --preset Release
+```
+
+输出位于 `Build/Debug` 或 `Build/Release`：`Application/Application.elf` 用于调试，`LDC1612_V1.0.1_APP_<日期>.bin` / `.hex` 为应用固件；`Application/Application.hex` 供 J-Link 烧录任务使用。应用固件不含 Bootloader：单独烧录需写到 `0x08002000`；整片烧录（Bootloader + APP + 标志页）用配套的固件合并工具（`gd32e230f8_firmware_merge_tool` 仓库）处理。详见[固件布局与 Bootloader](#固件布局与-bootloader)。
+
+如果切换 ARM GCC 版本，请使用新的构建目录，或通过 CMake Tools 的 “Delete Cache and Reconfigure” 重新配置。需要独立验证目录时可运行：
+
+```powershell
+cmake --preset Debug -B Build/local-check/Debug
+cmake --build Build/local-check/Debug
+```
 
 ---
 
 ## 目录
 
+- [本地编译](#本地编译)
+- [固件布局与 Bootloader](#固件布局与-bootloader)
 - [适用范围](#适用范围)
 - [默认配置](#默认配置)
 - [工具链准备](#工具链准备)
@@ -16,6 +41,26 @@
 
 ---
 
+## 固件布局与 Bootloader
+
+GD32E230F8（64KB Flash）按 Bootloader + APP 方式分区：
+
+| 区域 | 地址范围 | 说明 |
+|---|---|---|
+| Bootloader | `0x08000000` - `0x08001FFF`（8KB） | 随板提供，独立固件（`gd32e230f8_bootloader_hulk.bin`），负责 RS485 Ymodem OTA 与跳转 |
+| APP（本仓库） | `0x08002000` - `0x0800F7FF`（54KB） | 链接区 `FLASH ORIGIN=0x08002000, LENGTH=54K` |
+| 温度标定页（预留） | `0x0800F800` - `0x0800FBFF` | 预留存放标定数据；当前 APP 不访问，仅靠 54KB 链接上限保证不越界覆盖 |
+| 有效标志 | `0x0800FFFC` | Bootloader OTA 完成后自写 `0x0000EEEE`，跳转前校验 |
+
+工程侧的两个适配点（缺一不可）：
+
+- `LD/gd32e23x_flash.ld`：FLASH `ORIGIN = 0x08002000, LENGTH = 54K`；
+- `Src/system_gd32e23x.c`：`VECT_TAB_OFFSET = 0x2000`——Bootloader 不写 VTOR，APP 必须自己把向量表指到 `0x08002000`，否则中断会落回 Bootloader 向量表（现象：收到第一个 RS485 字节即死机）。
+
+⚠️ 与旧版布局（APP 链接在 `0x08000000` 的独立镜像）不兼容：从旧版升级需整片烧录一次。RS485 协议、命令集（M1-M6/M999/M9999）与回包格式无任何变化。布局依据与 Bootloader 反汇编分析见 `doc/LDC1612_工程审查与实验方案_2026-09-26.md`。
+
+---
+
 ## 适用范围
 
 - 适用于兆易创新 GD32E23x 系列 Cortex-M23 内核单片机
@@ -34,37 +79,49 @@
 
 ### 1. xPack GNU Arm Embedded GCC Toolchain
 
-- **版本**：xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-11.3.1-1.1  
+- **原模板版本**：xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-11.3.1-1.1；本机编译验证使用 15.2.1-1.1。
-- **建议解压路径**：Tools/xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-11.3.1-1.1  
+- **安装位置**：由本机统一管理，不提交到仓库。
 - **官方下载地址**：https://github.com/xpack-dev-tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc-xpack/releases  
 - **路径自定义说明**：  
-  如需自定义工具链路径，请同步修改以下文件：  
+  编译器与 GDB 均通过 `GD32_GCC_BIN` 环境变量定位（或配置时传 `-DTOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY`），CMake 文件与 `.vscode` 均无需修改路径。
-  - `Projects/<BoardName>/<ProjectName>/cmake/arm-none-eabi-gcc.cmake`（第2行）  
-  - `Projects/<BoardName>/<ProjectName>/.vscode/launch.json`（第12行）
 
-### 2. OpenOCD
+### 2. OpenOCD（GD-Link 支持）
 
 - **版本**：xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3  
-- **建议解压路径**：Tools/xpack-openocd-0.11.0-3  
 - **获取地址**：https://github.com/burakenez/gd32-tools-xpack-openocd/tree/v0.11.0-3  
 - **说明**：  
   - 本版本提取自 Embedded Builder V1.4.1.23782。  
   - ⚠️ 请勿随意更换版本，因 GD32 MCU 支持有限，推荐严格使用此版本。  
 - **路径自定义说明**：  
-  如需自定义 OpenOCD 路径，请同步修改以下文件：  
+  通过两个环境变量定位，安装位置任意：  
-  - `Projects/<BoardName>/<ProjectName>/.vscode/launch.json`（第14、17行）  
+  - `GD32_OPENOCD_BIN`：`openocd.exe` 所在 `bin` 目录；  
-  - `Projects/<BoardName>/<ProjectName>/.vscode/task.json` 中所有相关路径
+  - `GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS`：OpenOCD `scripts` 目录。  
+  `.vscode` 的调试配置与烧录任务全部读取这两个变量，无需修改任何文件。
 
 ---
 
 ## 使用说明
 
-1. **准备工具链**  
+1. **配置环境变量**（用户级，按本机安装位置设置一次即可）
-   - 按上述说明下载并解压 ARM GCC 和 OpenOCD 到 Tools 目录。
-   - Toolchain 目录内容不会被 git 跟踪，需自行维护。
 
-2. **烧录固件**  
+   | 环境变量 | 指向 | 用途 |
-   - 可直接使用 VSCode 任务栏的 Flash MCU 任务，或命令行运行 OpenOCD。
+   |---|---|---|
+   | `GD32_GCC_BIN` | ARM GCC 的 `bin` 目录 | 编译、GDB 调试 |
+   | `GD32_OPENOCD_BIN` | OpenOCD 的 `bin` 目录 | 烧录、调试 |
+   | `GD32_OPENOCD_SCRIPTS` | OpenOCD 的 `scripts` 目录 | 烧录、调试 |
+
+   设置后重开终端 / VSCode 生效。`cmd` 示例：`setx GD32_GCC_BIN "D:\toolchain\xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-15.2.1-1.1\bin"`。
+
+2. **编译**  
+   命令行见上文[本地编译](#本地编译)，或直接用 VSCode 的 CMake Tools 选择 Debug / Release preset 构建。
+
+3. **烧录固件**  
+   - **OpenOCD（GD-Link）**：VSCode 任务 `Flash MCU`（连带编译用 `Build and Flash`）；另有 `Reset MCU`、`Mass Erase MCU`、`OpenOCD Server` 任务。  
+   - **J-Link**：任务 `Flash MCU (Jlink)` 等，依赖构建生成的 `Build/<preset>/Application/Application.hex`。  
+   - 器件与接口在 `.vscode/settings.json` 的 `gd32.jlink.*` / `gd32.openocd.*` 中配置，当前为 GD32E230F8 / SWD。
+
+4. **调试**  
+   VSCode 调试配置有两个：`Debug with OpenOCD` 与 `Debug with J-Link`（均使用 cortex-debug，SVD 文件 `GD32E230.svd`，支持外设寄存器查看）。烧录调试器以 GD-Link 为例；J-Link 直接选用对应配置即可。
 
 ---
 
@@ -129,7 +186,6 @@
 
 - **快速上手示例**：如 main.c 的最小点灯/串口输出代码片段。
 - **常见问题与解答**：如构建失败、烧录失败的排查建议。
-- **调试说明**：如何用 VSCode 调试、断点、查看寄存器等。
 - **多板卡适配说明**：如有多种硬件，如何切换 BoardName。
 - **贡献指南**：如何提交 PR、代码风格约定等。
 - **License 说明**：开源协议和版权声明。

Src/ldc1612.c

@@ -148,11 +148,17 @@ ldc1612_status_t ldc1612_init(void) {
 */
 ldc1612_status_t ldc1612_config_single_channel(uint8_t channel) {
     i2c_result_t status;
+    uint16_t freq_divider;
 
     if (channel > 1) {
         return LDC1612_STATUS_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
+    freq_divider = ldc1612_calculate_freq_divider(channel);
+    if (freq_divider == 0) {
+        return LDC1612_STATUS_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+
     /* 配置顺序严格按照TI官方文档要求 */
     
     /* Step 1: 确保传感器处于睡眠模式 - 配置前必须 */
@@ -161,28 +167,34 @@ ldc1612_status_t ldc1612_config_single_channel(uint8_t channel) {
     delay_ms(10);
 
     /* Step 2: 配置频率分频 - 必须在其他配置之前 */
-    uint16_t freq_divider = ldc1612_calculate_freq_divider(channel);
+    status = ldc1612_write_register(SET_FREQ_REG_START + channel, freq_divider);
-    ldc1612_write_register(SET_FREQ_REG_START + channel, freq_divider);
+    if (status != I2C_RESULT_SUCCESS) return LDC1612_STATUS_ERROR;
     delay_ms(5);
 
     /* Step 3: 配置LC稳定时间 - 影响测量精度 */
-    ldc1612_write_register(SET_SETTLECOUNT_REG_START + channel, LDC1612_SETTLECOUNT_CH0);
+    status = ldc1612_write_register(SET_SETTLECOUNT_REG_START + channel, LDC1612_SETTLECOUNT_CH0);
+    if (status != I2C_RESULT_SUCCESS) return LDC1612_STATUS_ERROR;
 
     /* Step 4: 配置转换时间 - 影响测量速度和精度 */
-    ldc1612_write_register(SET_CONVERSION_TIME_REG_START + channel, LDC1612_RCOUNT_TIME_CH0);
+    status = ldc1612_write_register(SET_CONVERSION_TIME_REG_START + channel, LDC1612_RCOUNT_TIME_CH0);
+    if (status != I2C_RESULT_SUCCESS) return LDC1612_STATUS_ERROR;
 
     /* Step 5: 配置转换偏移 */
-    ldc1612_write_register(SET_CONVERSION_OFFSET_REG_START + channel, SET_CONVERSION_OFFSET_CH0);
+    status = ldc1612_write_register(SET_CONVERSION_OFFSET_REG_START + channel, SET_CONVERSION_OFFSET_CH0);
+    if (status != I2C_RESULT_SUCCESS) return LDC1612_STATUS_ERROR;
 
     /* Step 6: 配置驱动电流 - 影响传感器灵敏度 */
-    ldc1612_write_register(SET_DRIVER_CURRENT_REG + channel, LDC1612_DRIVE_CURRENT);
+    status = ldc1612_write_register(SET_DRIVER_CURRENT_REG + channel, LDC1612_DRIVE_CURRENT);
+    if (status != I2C_RESULT_SUCCESS) return LDC1612_STATUS_ERROR;
 
     /* Step 7: 配置多路复用器 - 设置通道选择和滤波 */
     // ldc1612_configure_mux_register(LDC1612_MUX_AUTOSCAN_DISABLE, LDC1612_MUX_RR_SEQUENCE_0, LDC1612_MUX_FILTER_ALL_LOW, LDC1612_MUX_FILTER_NONE);
-    ldc1612_write_register(MUX_CONFIG_REG, LDC1612_MUX_CONFIG);
+    status = ldc1612_write_register(MUX_CONFIG_REG, LDC1612_MUX_CONFIG);
+    if (status != I2C_RESULT_SUCCESS) return LDC1612_STATUS_ERROR;
 
     /* Step 8: 配置错误输出 */
-    ldc1612_write_register(ERROR_CONFIG_REG, LDC1612_ERROR_CONFIG_DEFAULT);
+    status = ldc1612_write_register(ERROR_CONFIG_REG, LDC1612_ERROR_CONFIG_DEFAULT);
+    if (status != I2C_RESULT_SUCCESS) return LDC1612_STATUS_ERROR;
 
     /* Step 9: 最后启动传感器 - 必须最后一步 */
     status = ldc1612_write_register(SENSOR_CONFIG_REG, LDC1612_SENSOR_CONFIG_CH0);

Src/system_gd32e23x.c

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 #define __HXTAL           (HXTAL_VALUE)            /* high speed crystal oscillator frequency */
 #define __SYS_OSC_CLK     (__IRC8M)                /* main oscillator frequency */
 
-#define VECT_TAB_OFFSET  (uint32_t)0x00            /* vector table base offset */
+#define VECT_TAB_OFFSET  (uint32_t)0x2000            /* vector table base offset */
 
 /* select a system clock by uncommenting the following line */
 //#define __SYSTEM_CLOCK_8M_HXTAL              (__HXTAL)

cmake/arm-none-eabi-gcc.cmake

@@ -1,5 +1,61 @@
-# You can change TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY if you want to use different toolchain.
+# The project never stores a compiler package. Each machine supplies a path.
-set(TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Toolchain/xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-11.3.1-1.1/bin")
+# TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY (CMake cache) has priority over the environment variable.
+# GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR lets a workstation use a different variable name if needed.
+set(TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY "" CACHE PATH "Path to arm-none-eabi toolchain bin directory")
+set(GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR "GD32_GCC_BIN" CACHE STRING "Environment variable containing the ARM GCC path")
+set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_PLATFORM_VARIABLES TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR)
+
+if(GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR AND NOT GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR MATCHES "^GD32_[A-Za-z0-9_]+$")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR must use the GD32_ prefix: ${GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR}")
+endif()
+
+if(NOT TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY AND GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR)
+    if(DEFINED ENV{${GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR}} AND NOT "$ENV{${GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR}}" STREQUAL "")
+        file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "$ENV{${GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR}}" TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+if(NOT TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR
+        "Cannot find ARM GCC toolchain. Set ${GD32_GCC_ENV_VAR} in the machine environment "
+        "or pass -DTOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY=<toolchain-bin>.")
+endif()
+
+file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}" TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY)
+get_filename_component(TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY "${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}" ABSOLUTE)
+
+if(WIN32)
+    set(TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX ".exe")
+else()
+    set(TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX "")
+endif()
+
+# Accept either the package root or its bin directory.
+if(NOT EXISTS "${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}/arm-none-eabi-gcc${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}" AND
+   EXISTS "${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+    set(TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY "${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}/bin")
+endif()
+
+set(_ARM_GCC_EXECUTABLE "${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}/arm-none-eabi-gcc${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+
+set(_TOOLCHAIN_BINARIES
+    arm-none-eabi-gcc
+    arm-none-eabi-g++
+    arm-none-eabi-gdb
+    arm-none-eabi-ar
+    arm-none-eabi-ranlib
+    arm-none-eabi-as
+    arm-none-eabi-ld
+    arm-none-eabi-objcopy
+    arm-none-eabi-objdump
+    arm-none-eabi-size
+)
+foreach(_binary IN LISTS _TOOLCHAIN_BINARIES)
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}/${_binary}${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+            "ARM GCC toolchain is incomplete; missing ${_binary}${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX} in ${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}")
+    endif()
+endforeach()
 
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "")
@@ -12,10 +68,6 @@ set(CMAKE_COLOR_DIAGNOSTICS ON)
 
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
 
-if(WIN32)
-    set(TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX ".exe")
-endif()
-
 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME               Generic)
 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR          arm)
 
@@ -28,18 +80,45 @@ set(FLAGS                           "-mcpu=cortex-m23 -std=gnu11 -fstack-usage -
 set(ASM_FLAGS                       "-x assembler-with-cpp")
 set(CPP_FLAGS                       "-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fno-threadsafe-statics")
 
-set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER                ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}gcc${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(_REQUESTED_C_COMPILER "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}gcc${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER              ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}g++${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+if(DEFINED CMAKE_C_COMPILER AND CMAKE_C_COMPILER AND
-set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER              ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}gcc${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+   IS_ABSOLUTE "${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}" AND
+   NOT CMAKE_C_COMPILER STREQUAL "${_REQUESTED_C_COMPILER}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR
+        "The build directory is already configured for a different ARM GCC compiler:\n"
+        "  cached:  ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}\n"
+        "  selected: ${_REQUESTED_C_COMPILER}\n"
+        "Delete the build directory or run CMake Tools 'Delete Cache and Reconfigure'.")
+endif()
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER                "${_REQUESTED_C_COMPILER}")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER              "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}g++${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER              "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}gcc${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
 
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} ${FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${FLAGS} ${CPP_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} ${FLAGS} ${ASM_FLAGS}")
-set(CMAKE_OBJCOPY                   ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}objcopy${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_AR                        "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}ar${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
-set(CMAKE_SIZE                      ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}size${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_RANLIB                    "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}ranlib${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
-set(CMAKE_OBJDUMP                   ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}objdump${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_OBJCOPY                   "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}objcopy${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
-set(CMAKE_AS                        ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}as${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_SIZE                      "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}size${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
-set(CMAKE_LD                        ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}ld${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_OBJDUMP                   "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}objdump${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+set(CMAKE_AS                        "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}as${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+set(CMAKE_LD                        "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}ld${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+set(CMAKE_LINKER                   "${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}ld${TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX}")
+
+execute_process(
+    COMMAND "${_ARM_GCC_EXECUTABLE}" --version
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE _ARM_GCC_VERSION_OUTPUT
+    ERROR_VARIABLE _ARM_GCC_VERSION_ERROR
+    RESULT_VARIABLE _ARM_GCC_VERSION_RESULT
+    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+)
+if(NOT _ARM_GCC_VERSION_RESULT EQUAL 0)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Unable to execute ${_ARM_GCC_EXECUTABLE}: ${_ARM_GCC_VERSION_ERROR}")
+endif()
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+" _ARM_GCC_VERSION "${_ARM_GCC_VERSION_OUTPUT}")
+message(STATUS "Using ARM GCC ${_ARM_GCC_VERSION} from ${TOOLCHAIN_DIRECTORY}")
 
 set(CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX_ASM     ".elf")
 set(CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX_C       ".elf")