// // Created by dell on 24-12-20. // Improved I2C driver with better state machine and error handling // #include "i2c.h" /* Private variables */ static uint8_t i2c_retry_count = 0; /*! \brief configure the GPIO ports \param[in] none \param[out] none \retval none */ void i2c_gpio_config(void) { /* enable IIC GPIO clock */ rcu_periph_clock_enable(RCU_GPIO_I2C); /* connect I2C_SCL_PIN to I2C_SCL */ gpio_af_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_GPIO_AF, I2C_SCL_PIN); /* connect I2C_SDA_PIN to I2C_SDA */ gpio_af_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_GPIO_AF, I2C_SDA_PIN); /* configure GPIO pins of I2C */ gpio_mode_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, GPIO_MODE_AF, GPIO_PUPD_PULLUP, I2C_SCL_PIN); gpio_output_options_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, GPIO_OTYPE_OD, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, I2C_SCL_PIN); gpio_mode_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, GPIO_MODE_AF, GPIO_PUPD_PULLUP, I2C_SDA_PIN); gpio_output_options_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, GPIO_OTYPE_OD, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, I2C_SDA_PIN); } /*! \brief configure the I2CX interface \param[in] none \param[out] none \retval i2c_status_t */ i2c_status_t i2c_config(void) { /* configure I2C GPIO */ i2c_gpio_config(); /* enable I2C clock */ rcu_periph_clock_enable(RCU_I2C); /* configure I2C clock */ i2c_clock_config(I2C0, I2C_SPEED, I2C_DTCY_2); /* configure I2C address - use 0x00 as master doesn't need specific address */ i2c_mode_addr_config(I2C0, I2C_I2CMODE_ENABLE, I2C_ADDFORMAT_7BITS, I2C_MASTER_ADDRESS); /* enable I2CX */ i2c_enable(I2C0); /* enable acknowledge */ i2c_ack_config(I2C0, I2C_ACK_ENABLE); /* reset retry counter */ i2c_retry_count = 0; return I2C_STATUS_SUCCESS; } /*! \brief reset I2C bus with proper 9-clock recovery \param[in] none \param[out] none \retval i2c_status_t */ i2c_status_t i2c_bus_reset(void) { uint8_t i; /* disable I2C peripheral */ i2c_disable(I2C0); i2c_deinit(I2C0); /* configure SDA/SCL as GPIO output for manual control */ gpio_mode_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT, GPIO_PUPD_PULLUP, I2C_SCL_PIN); gpio_mode_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT, GPIO_PUPD_PULLUP, I2C_SDA_PIN); gpio_output_options_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, GPIO_OTYPE_OD, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, I2C_SCL_PIN); gpio_output_options_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, GPIO_OTYPE_OD, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, I2C_SDA_PIN); /* ensure both lines are high initially */ gpio_bit_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN); gpio_bit_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN); delay_10us(I2C_DELAY_10US); /* generate 9 clock pulses to release any stuck slave */ for (i = 0; i < I2C_RECOVERY_CLOCKS; i++) { gpio_bit_reset(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN); delay_10us(I2C_DELAY_10US); gpio_bit_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN); delay_10us(I2C_DELAY_10US); } /* generate stop condition */ gpio_bit_reset(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN); delay_10us(I2C_DELAY_10US); gpio_bit_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN); delay_10us(I2C_DELAY_10US); gpio_bit_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN); delay_10us(I2C_DELAY_10US); /* reconfigure as I2C pins */ gpio_af_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_GPIO_AF, I2C_SCL_PIN); gpio_af_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_GPIO_AF, I2C_SDA_PIN); gpio_mode_set(I2C_SCL_PORT, GPIO_MODE_AF, GPIO_PUPD_PULLUP, I2C_SCL_PIN); gpio_mode_set(I2C_SDA_PORT, GPIO_MODE_AF, GPIO_PUPD_PULLUP, I2C_SDA_PIN); /* reconfigure the I2CX interface */ return i2c_config(); } /** * @brief 扫描I2C总线,查找连接的设备 * * 该函数会扫描I2C总线上的所有地址(1到126),并尝试与每个地址进行通信。 * 如果在某个地址上发现了设备,则会打印出该设备的地址。 * 最后会打印出找到的设备总数。 */ void i2c_scan(void) { uint32_t timeout; uint8_t address; int found_devices = 0; // printf("Scanning I2C bus...\r\n"); const char* msg1 = "Scanning I2C bus...\r\n"; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg1[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg1[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} for (address = 1; address < 127; address++) { timeout = 0; // 生成起始条件 while (i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_I2CBSY) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) timeout++; if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { continue; // 超时,跳过该地址 } i2c_start_on_bus(I2C0); timeout = 0; // 等待起始条件发送完成 while (!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_SBSEND) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) timeout++; if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { continue; // 超时,跳过该地址 } i2c_master_addressing(I2C0, (address << 1), I2C_TRANSMITTER); timeout = 0; // 等待地址发送完成 while (!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_ADDSEND) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) timeout++; if (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT) { i2c_flag_clear(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_ADDSEND); // printf("Found device at 0x%02X\r\n", address); const char* msg2_prefix = "Found device at 0x"; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg2_prefix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg2_prefix[i]); } // 发送地址的十六进制表示 uint8_t hex_chars[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, hex_chars[(address >> 4) & 0x0F]); while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, hex_chars[address & 0x0F]); const char* msg2_suffix = "\r\n"; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg2_suffix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg2_suffix[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} found_devices++; } // 生成停止条件 i2c_stop_on_bus(I2C0); timeout = 0; while ((I2C_CTL0(I2C0) & I2C_CTL0_STOP) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) timeout++; } if (found_devices == 0) { // printf("No I2C devices found.\r\n"); const char* msg3 = "No I2C devices found.\r\n"; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg3[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg3[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} } else { // printf("Total %d I2C devices found.\r\n", found_devices); const char* msg4_prefix = "Total "; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg4_prefix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg4_prefix[i]); } // 发送设备数量 if (found_devices >= 10) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, '0' + (found_devices / 10)); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, '0' + (found_devices % 10)); const char* msg4_suffix = " I2C devices found.\r\n"; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg4_suffix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg4_suffix[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} } } /*! \brief write 16-bit data to I2C device with improved state machine \param[in] slave_addr: 7-bit slave address \param[in] reg_addr: register address \param[in] data: pointer to 2-byte data array \param[out] none \retval i2c_status_t */ i2c_status_t i2c_write_16bits(uint8_t slave_addr, uint8_t reg_addr, const uint8_t data[2]) { i2c_state_t state = I2C_STATE_START; uint16_t timeout = 0; uint8_t data_index = 0; uint8_t retry_count = 0; /* Parameter validation */ if (data == NULL || slave_addr > 0x7F) { return I2C_STATUS_INVALID_PARAM; } /* Enable acknowledge */ i2c_ack_config(I2C0, I2C_ACK_ENABLE); while (retry_count < I2C_MAX_RETRY) { switch (state) { case I2C_STATE_START: timeout = 0; /* Wait for bus to be idle */ while (i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_I2CBSY) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Send start condition */ i2c_start_on_bus(I2C0); state = I2C_STATE_SEND_ADDRESS; timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_SEND_ADDRESS: /* Wait for start condition to be sent */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_SBSEND)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Send slave address with write bit */ i2c_master_addressing(I2C0, (slave_addr << 1), I2C_TRANSMITTER); state = I2C_STATE_CLEAR_ADDRESS; timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_CLEAR_ADDRESS: /* Wait for address to be acknowledged */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_ADDSEND)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Clear address flag */ i2c_flag_clear(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_ADDSEND); state = I2C_STATE_TRANSMIT_REG; timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_TRANSMIT_REG: /* Wait for transmit buffer to be empty */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_TBE)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Send register address */ i2c_data_transmit(I2C0, reg_addr); state = I2C_STATE_TRANSMIT_DATA; timeout = 0; data_index = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_TRANSMIT_DATA: /* Wait for byte transfer complete */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_BTC)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Send data bytes */ if (data_index < 2) { i2c_data_transmit(I2C0, data[data_index]); data_index++; timeout = 0; /* Stay in this state until all data is sent */ } else { /* All data sent, proceed to stop */ state = I2C_STATE_STOP; timeout = 0; } break; case I2C_STATE_STOP: /* Send stop condition */ i2c_stop_on_bus(I2C0); /* Wait for stop condition to complete */ while ((I2C_CTL0(I2C0) & I2C_CTL0_STOP) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Success */ return I2C_STATUS_SUCCESS; case I2C_STATE_ERROR: /* Send stop condition to release bus */ i2c_stop_on_bus(I2C0); /* Increment retry counter */ retry_count++; if (retry_count >= I2C_MAX_RETRY) { #ifdef DEBUG_VERBOSE // printf("I2C write failed after %d retries\r\n", I2C_MAX_RETRY); const char* msg5_prefix = "I2C write failed after "; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg5_prefix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg5_prefix[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, '0' + I2C_MAX_RETRY); const char* msg5_suffix = " retries\r\n"; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg5_suffix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg5_suffix[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} #endif return I2C_STATUS_TIMEOUT; } /* Reset state machine for retry */ state = I2C_STATE_START; timeout = 0; data_index = 0; /* Small delay before retry */ delay_10us(10); break; default: state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } } return I2C_STATUS_TIMEOUT; } /*! \brief read 16-bit data from I2C device with improved state machine \param[in] slave_addr: 7-bit slave address \param[in] reg_addr: register address \param[out] data: pointer to 2-byte data buffer \retval i2c_status_t */ i2c_status_t i2c_read_16bits(uint8_t slave_addr, uint8_t reg_addr, uint8_t *data) { i2c_state_t state = I2C_STATE_START; uint16_t timeout = 0; uint8_t data_index = 0; uint8_t retry_count = 0; bool write_phase = true; /* First phase: write register address */ /* Parameter validation */ if (data == NULL || slave_addr > 0x7F) { return I2C_STATUS_INVALID_PARAM; } /* Enable acknowledge */ i2c_ack_config(I2C0, I2C_ACK_ENABLE); while (retry_count < I2C_MAX_RETRY) { switch (state) { case I2C_STATE_START: timeout = 0; /* Wait for bus to be idle */ while (i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_I2CBSY) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Configure ACK position for 2-byte read */ if (!write_phase) { i2c_ackpos_config(I2C0, I2C_ACKPOS_NEXT); } /* Send start condition */ i2c_start_on_bus(I2C0); state = I2C_STATE_SEND_ADDRESS; timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_SEND_ADDRESS: /* Wait for start condition to be sent */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_SBSEND)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Send slave address */ if (write_phase) { /* Write phase: send address with write bit */ i2c_master_addressing(I2C0, (slave_addr << 1), I2C_TRANSMITTER); } else { /* Read phase: send address with read bit */ i2c_master_addressing(I2C0, (slave_addr << 1) | 0x01, I2C_RECEIVER); /* Disable ACK for last byte */ i2c_ack_config(I2C0, I2C_ACK_DISABLE); } state = I2C_STATE_CLEAR_ADDRESS; timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_CLEAR_ADDRESS: /* Wait for address to be acknowledged */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_ADDSEND)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Clear address flag */ i2c_flag_clear(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_ADDSEND); if (write_phase) { state = I2C_STATE_TRANSMIT_REG; } else { /* For single byte read, send stop after clearing address */ if (data_index == 1) { i2c_stop_on_bus(I2C0); } state = I2C_STATE_RECEIVE_DATA; data_index = 0; } timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_TRANSMIT_REG: /* Wait for transmit buffer to be empty */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_TBE)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Send register address */ i2c_data_transmit(I2C0, reg_addr); state = I2C_STATE_RESTART; timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_RESTART: /* Wait for byte transfer complete */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_BTC)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Switch to read phase */ write_phase = false; state = I2C_STATE_START; timeout = 0; break; case I2C_STATE_RECEIVE_DATA: if (data_index < 2) { if (data_index == 1) { /* Wait for BTC before sending stop for last byte */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_BTC)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Send stop condition before reading last byte */ i2c_stop_on_bus(I2C0); } /* Wait for receive buffer not empty */ while ((!i2c_flag_get(I2C0, I2C_FLAG_RBNE)) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Read data byte */ data[data_index] = i2c_data_receive(I2C0); data_index++; timeout = 0; if (data_index >= 2) { state = I2C_STATE_STOP; } } else { state = I2C_STATE_STOP; } break; case I2C_STATE_STOP: /* Wait for stop condition to complete */ while ((I2C_CTL0(I2C0) & I2C_CTL0_STOP) && (timeout < I2C_TIME_OUT)) { timeout++; } if (timeout >= I2C_TIME_OUT) { state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } /* Success */ return I2C_STATUS_SUCCESS; case I2C_STATE_ERROR: /* Send stop condition to release bus */ i2c_stop_on_bus(I2C0); /* Increment retry counter */ retry_count++; if (retry_count >= I2C_MAX_RETRY) { #ifdef DEBUG_VERBOSE // printf("I2C read failed after %d retries\r\n", I2C_MAX_RETRY); const char* msg6_prefix = "I2C read failed after "; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg6_prefix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg6_prefix[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, '0' + I2C_MAX_RETRY); const char* msg6_suffix = " retries\r\n"; for (uint8_t i = 0; msg6_suffix[i] != '\0'; i++) { while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TBE) == RESET) {} usart_data_transmit(I2C_DEBUG_UART, msg6_suffix[i]); } while (usart_flag_get(I2C_DEBUG_UART, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} #endif return I2C_STATUS_TIMEOUT; } /* Reset state machine for retry */ state = I2C_STATE_START; write_phase = true; timeout = 0; data_index = 0; /* Small delay before retry */ delay_10us(10); break; default: state = I2C_STATE_ERROR; break; } } return I2C_STATUS_TIMEOUT; } /*! \brief get status string for debugging \param[in] status: i2c_status_t value \param[out] none \retval const char* status string */ const char* i2c_get_status_string(i2c_status_t status) { switch (status) { case I2C_STATUS_SUCCESS: return "SUCCESS"; case I2C_STATUS_TIMEOUT: return "TIMEOUT"; case I2C_STATUS_NACK: return "NACK"; case I2C_STATUS_BUS_BUSY: return "BUS_BUSY"; case I2C_STATUS_ERROR: return "ERROR"; case I2C_STATUS_INVALID_PARAM: return "INVALID_PARAM"; default: return "UNKNOWN"; } }